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Retiolites
Classification
Phylum:
Hemichordata
Class:
Pterobranchia
Order:
Graptoloidea
Superfamily:
Neograptina
Family:
Retiolitidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Retiolites Barrande, 1850, p. 68, nom. conserv., ICZN, Opinion 199, 1954
Type Species:
* Gladiolites geinitzianus BARRANDE, 1850, M
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 274,1a. *R. geinitzianus (Barrande), neotype (selected by Loydell & Štorch, 1996 and accepted by ICZN, Opinion 1901, 1998), NM L31612, Llandovery, Fig. 274,16. R. australis M‘Coy, 1875, GSC137748, ?lower Wenlock, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (new)., Cyrtograptus murchisoni Biozone, Vyskočilka, Czech Republic, scale bar, 10 mm (new).——Fig. 274,1b. R. australis M‘Coy, 1875, GSC137748, ?lower Wenlock, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (new).——FIg. 274, 1c. Retiolites sp., GSC 114221, with proximal thecal hoods, Llandovery, Upper Telychian, Cyrtograptus sakmaricus Biozone, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (Kozłowska-Dawidziuk & Lenz, 2001, fig. 2,2).
Synonyms
Geographic Distribution
worldwide
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Silurian, Llandovery (Telychian, Spirograptus turriculatus/Streptograptus crispus Biozone)
Beginning International Stage:
Telychian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
438.59
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Wenlock (Homerian, Cyrtograptus
lundgreni Biozone)
Ending International Stage:
Homerian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
0
Ending Date:
426.74
Description
Robust, initially widening tubarium, ancora umbrella shallow, saucer-shaped with few polygonal meshes; nema with
connecting lists; triangular proximal lateral orifices and small subcircular proximal ventral orifices; reverse side thecal walls with zigzag list; ventral sides defined by horizontal thecal lips and vertical pleural lists; lateral apertural lists inclined at 45° to 60° to tubarium axis; proximal thecal orifices occasionally with reticular hoods formed from the ancora sleeve; unornamented thecal membrane; ancora sleeve with dense and robust reticulum; narrow external common canals without stomata; ancora sleeve lists with seams facing outward; bandages finely striated.
References
Barrande, Joachim. 1850. Graptolites de Bohême. Théophile Haase Fils. Prague. 74 p., 4 pl. Published by the author.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Hemichordata
Class:
Pterobranchia
Order:
Graptoloidea
Superfamily:
Neograptina
Family:
Retiolitidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Retiolites Barrande, 1850, p. 68, nom. conserv., ICZN, Opinion 199, 1954
Type Species:
* Gladiolites geinitzianus BARRANDE, 1850, M
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 274,1a. *R. geinitzianus (Barrande), neotype (selected by Loydell & Štorch, 1996 and accepted by ICZN, Opinion 1901, 1998), NM L31612, Llandovery, Fig. 274,16. R. australis M‘Coy, 1875, GSC137748, ?lower Wenlock, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (new)., Cyrtograptus murchisoni Biozone, Vyskočilka, Czech Republic, scale bar, 10 mm (new).——Fig. 274,1b. R. australis M‘Coy, 1875, GSC137748, ?lower Wenlock, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (new).——FIg. 274, 1c. Retiolites sp., GSC 114221, with proximal thecal hoods, Llandovery, Upper Telychian, Cyrtograptus sakmaricus Biozone, Arctic Canada, scale bar, 1 mm (Kozłowska-Dawidziuk & Lenz, 2001, fig. 2,2).
Synonyms
Geographic Distribution
worldwide
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Silurian, Llandovery (Telychian, Spirograptus turriculatus/Streptograptus crispus Biozone)
Beginning International Stage:
Telychian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
438.59
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Wenlock (Homerian, Cyrtograptus
lundgreni Biozone)
Ending International Stage:
Homerian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
0
Ending Date:
426.74
Description
Robust, initially widening tubarium, ancora umbrella shallow, saucer-shaped with few polygonal meshes; nema with
connecting lists; triangular proximal lateral orifices and small subcircular proximal ventral orifices; reverse side thecal walls with zigzag list; ventral sides defined by horizontal thecal lips and vertical pleural lists; lateral apertural lists inclined at 45° to 60° to tubarium axis; proximal thecal orifices occasionally with reticular hoods formed from the ancora sleeve; unornamented thecal membrane; ancora sleeve with dense and robust reticulum; narrow external common canals without stomata; ancora sleeve lists with seams facing outward; bandages finely striated.
References
Barrande, Joachim. 1850. Graptolites de Bohême. Théophile Haase Fils. Prague. 74 p., 4 pl. Published by the author.